The basic principle causing the radiation-induced toxicity is the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the radiolysis of cellular water, which in turn oxidizes the critical biomolecules such as lipid, protein, and DNA [36,37,38,39]
In oncology and inflammatory disorders, these smart designs enable curcumin delivery to be spatially and temporally controlled, improving local bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes
Becker K, Savvides SN, Keese M, Schirmer RH, Karplus PA (1998)
TNFR2 activation induces positive effects such as increased cell viability, promotion of neurogenesis, and induction of autoimmunity [17,18,19], whereas TNFR2 activation mostly induces destructive effects such as induction of apoptosis, reduction in neuronal plasticity, and aggravation of inflammation [90,91,92]