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2014 Jun 1;31(11):1063-71

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Insufficient dietary intake of B12 (common in vegetarians and vegans), Malabsorption due to conditions like pernicious anemia or gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., Crohns disease), Certain medications that interfere with B12 absorption can lead to deficiency

[5] Beyond sodium-channel antagonism, systemic lidocaine exhibits anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic properties attributed to inhibition of G-protein-coupled receptors, modulation of NMDA-mediated excitatory transmission, suppression of neutrophil priming, and attenuation of central glial activation

Composition & Format AOD-9604 is provided as a sterile lyophilized powder in clear glass vials sealed with butyl stoppers and flip-off caps