In this context, dietary polyphenols have emerged as promising adjuncts for skeletal health, since experimental and clinical studies suggest that they can modulate oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and key molecular pathways that regulate osteoblast and osteoclast function, thereby influencing bone remodeling and osteoporosis progression ( At the cellular level, several polyphenols appear to promote an osteoanabolic profile by stimulating osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, while simultaneously attenuating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption
Glutathione is a peptide made of three amino acids: glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid
Oxidative stress disrupts the balance between regulatory T cells and effector T cells, leading to immune dysregulation and sustained inflammation in AD (48)
Keywords: gastroesophageal, reflux disease, GERD, natural products, anti-inflammatory 1